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Palazzo Pitti history | From Medici to Lorraine to Savoy dynasty
Palazzo Pitti History
Detailed Palazzo Pitti history explained
Luca Pitti and the birth of the Palace
1458
The construction of Palazzo Pitti was commissioned by Luca Pitti, a Florentine banker and supporter of Cosimo de’ Medici. This grand palace was built to rival the Medici family's influence, becoming the largest private residence in Florence. Despite myths attributing the design to Filippo Brunelleschi, Luca Fancelli was the actual architect.
Eleonora of Toledo and the Medici era
16th Century
In 1549, Eleonora of Toledo, wife of Cosimo I de’ Medici, acquired the palace, transforming it into a ceremonial residence for the Medici family. They added a new wing to the palace and commissioned the Italian architect Bartolomeo Ammannati to design a grand courtyard and the magnificent Boboli Gardens, which became a model for royal palaces across Europe.
Exploring the Boboli Gardens
Baroque renovations
17th Century
During the 17th century, the Palazzo Pitti underwent further renovations and expansions under the Grand Duke Ferdinando II. He commissioned the Baroque architect Filippo Juvarra to design a new facade and enhance the palace's interiors with lavish decorations and furnishings.
Grand Ducal Patronage
18th-19th Centuries
In the 18th century, the Palazzo Pitti briefly served as the power base of Napoleon and then became the residence of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, who succeeded the Medici family as rulers of Tuscany. They added further decorations and furnishings to the palace, including many fine artworks
From Italian unification to present day
20th Century
Transitioning from royal residence to state property, Pitti Palace evolved into a national museum and was opened to the public. During World War II, the palace was damaged by Allied bombings, but the artworks had been previously removed and were safe. It now showcases a treasure trove of art and history, inviting visitors to explore its rich heritage and architectural splendor.
Who designed Palazzo Pitti?
The architect of Palazzo Pitti is not definitively known, but there are several theories. While some suggest Luca Fancelli, influenced by Alberti, others attribute it to Filippo Brunelleschi's collaborator. Despite lacking concrete evidence, these candidates, particularly Luca Fancelli, stand out as potential creators of the iconic palace.
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Frequently asked questions about Palazzo Pitti history
How old is the Palazzo Pitti?
The construction of the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, Italy began in 1458 for Luca Pitti and was completed in 1465. The palace was later purchased by the powerful Medici family, who expanded and enhanced the building over the years. So, the Palazzo Pitti is over 550 years old.
What motivated the Luca Pitti to build Palazzo Pitti in Florence, Italy?
Luca Pitti was motivated to build Palazzo Pitti in Florence, Italy as a grand statement of his wealth and power, aiming to challenge the influence of the Medici family. The palace, constructed around 1440, was intended to be the largest and most impressive private residence in Florence, showcasing Pitti's ambition and desire to rival the Medici's authority through architectural magnificence.
How did the ownership of Palazzo Pitti transition from Luca Pitti to the Medici family?
The ownership of Palazzo Pitti transitioned from Luca Pitti to the Medici family when Eleonora of Toledo, wife of Cosimo I de' Medici, purchased the unfinished palace in 1549 to serve as a ceremonial residence for the Medici family and the nascent Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
What significant role did Palazzo Pitti play during Napoleon's time?
During the 19th century, Palazzo Pitti assumed a pivotal role as Napoleon's power base. It served as a significant center of influence for the French leader, who was received at the palace by Grand Duke Ferdinand III in 1796. This period marked a notable chapter in the palace's history, as it became a focal point of Napoleon's authority and later briefly served as the principal royal palace of the newly united Italy.
How did Palazzo Pitti become the principal royal palace during Florence's brief period as the capital of Italy?
Palazzo Pitti became the principal royal palace during Florence's brief period as the capital of Italy when it was used as a power base by Napoleon in the late 18th century and later served as the principal royal palace of the newly united Italy. The palace grew to become the chief residence of the ruling families of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, evolving into a great treasure house of paintings, jewelry, and luxurious possessions.
What distinguishes the architectural style of Palazzo Pitti from other palaces in Florence?
Palazzo Pitti stands out in Florence's architectural landscape due to several distinct features.
- Its heavy, rusticated stonework, crafted from large blocks of rough stone, imparts a commanding presence, contrasting sharply with the ornate styles prevalent elsewhere.
- The facade's repetitive arch-headed apertures, reminiscent of Roman aqueducts, create a unique visual rhythm that influenced subsequent designs.
- Moreover, the colossal scale of the palace, with stories twice the height of its counterparts like the Palazzo Medici, exudes grandeur and dominance.
- Yet, amidst its imposing presence, Palazzo Pitti's architect prioritized functionality over ornamental extravagance, resulting in a structure that is both impressive and utilitarian.
These defining characteristics collectively distinguish Palazzo Pitti as a monumental masterpiece, reflecting the unique blend of power, utility, and architectural innovation that characterizes Florence's rich heritage.
Are there guided tours explaining the Palazzo Pitti’s history?
Yes, guided tours are available at Palazzo Pitti that explain the palace's history, art, and architecture. Professional guides offer tours in different languages.
How has Palazzo Pitti evolved over the centuries under different royal families?
Palazzo Pitti has evolved significantly over the centuries under different royal families. Originally commissioned by Luca Pitti in the 15th century, it was later acquired by the powerful Medici family, who transformed it into their primary residence. Subsequent expansions and renovations were carried out by various architects, including Bartolomeo Ammannati and Giulio and Alfonso Parigi, under different ruling dynasties like the Habsburg-Lorraine family. The palace's evolution includes additions, interior decorations, and the creation of the Boboli Gardens, reflecting the changing tastes and styles of each era and royal family that inhabited it.
What are the key attractions and galleries inside Palazzo Pitti that visitors should not miss?
When visiting the Palazzo Pitti you should not miss the Palatine Gallery and Royal Apartments, showcasing masterpieces by renowned artists, the Gallery of Modern Art with works from the Neo-Classical era to the 1930s, the Treasury of the Grand Dukes featuring precious objects, the Museum of Costume and Fashion displaying historic clothing, and the tranquil Boboli Gardens with its diverse landscapes and sculptures. These attractions offer a rich cultural experience spanning art, history, fashion, and nature within the grand setting of the palace complex.
